HEALTHCARE IN VIETNAM
HEAL YOUR BODY AND SOUL
HEALTHCARE IN VIETNAM
Vietnam has a rapidly developing mixed public-private healthcare system, supported by a national health insurance program that covered an estimated 95.15% of the population by the end of 2025. The country has around 2,100 hospitals, more than 339,000 hospital beds and over 105,000 doctors, with the most advanced specialist care concentrated in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Hue. Vietnam is also emerging as a medical-tourism destination, particularly for dentistry, cosmetic procedures, fertility treatment, health screening, cardiovascular care and increasingly complex surgery. The Ministry of Health estimates that around 300,000 international visitors use medical services in Vietnam each year, with roughly 40% treated in Ho Chi Minh City; associated spending on treatment, accommodation, transport and other services is estimated at US$1–2 billion annually. Competitive prices, improving hospital standards and relatively short waiting times are helping Vietnam strengthen its position in Southeast Asia’s healthcare-tourism market.
BEST HOSPITALS IN VIETNAM
Vietnam’s most advanced hospitals are concentrated in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Hue, where major tertiary centers handle complex cases referred from across the country. Bạch Mai Hospital in Hanoi is particularly prominent: in the Newsweek–Statista Best Specialized Hospitals Asia-Pacific 2026 ranking, it was the highest-ranked Vietnamese hospital and was recognized in cardiology, neurology, oncology, and pediatrics. Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City is one of southern Vietnam’s leading referral hospitals, with major expertise in cardiovascular medicine, transplantation, surgery, oncology, and other complex specialties; it was also included in the 2026 Asia-Pacific specialized-hospital ranking. Hue Central Hospital is another nationally important tertiary center and is particularly well known for organ transplantation, cardiovascular care, oncology, and highly specialized surgery. It is one of the Ministry of Health’s highest-level “special class” hospitals.
For international patients and medical tourists, private hospitals can offer easier appointment systems, more English-speaking staff, international insurance arrangements, and hotel-style accommodation. FV Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City is one of the country’s best-known international hospitals: it renewed its JCI accreditation in 2025 and appeared in the 2026 Asia-Pacific rankings for cardiology, gastroenterology and hepatology, neurology, and pulmonology. Vinmec Central Park International Hospital is another important private option and holds JCI accreditation, reflecting compliance with international standards for patient safety and clinical quality. For difficult or highly specialized treatment, Vietnam’s large public referral hospitals often provide the greatest concentration of medical expertise, while private international hospitals may be more convenient for foreign patients.
PREVENTIVE CARE AS NATIONAL PRIORITY
Vietnam entered September 2026 with local health authorities intensifying a nationwide effort to provide residents with periodic health examinations and disease screening. The latest acceleration is visible in Đồng Nai, where authorities announced on September 3 that they were increasing efforts to ensure residents receive at least one free health check or screening before the end of the year. Examination results are also being added to electronic health records and the Electronic Health Book available through the VNeID digital identification system. The campaign provides a practical example of one of the most important changes currently taking place in Vietnamese healthcare: a gradual shift from treating illness after it becomes serious toward identifying health risks earlier.
The scale of the program in Đồng Nai is already substantial. By early September, more than 2.3 million residents had received periodic examinations, free screenings or qualifying examinations covered through health insurance, equal to approximately 51.3 percent of the local population. More than 536,800 people had also had an electronic health record created or updated, demonstrating the increasing convergence of conventional medical care and digital health management. Local authorities nevertheless acknowledged that completing the program for the entire population will require considerable additional work during the final months of 2026.
The Đồng Nai campaign forms part of a much larger national healthcare reform rather than an isolated provincial initiative. A government directive issued in May instructed ministries and local authorities across Vietnam to organize free periodic examinations or health screenings and create electronic health records for citizens. The national objective is for residents to become accustomed to regular preventive healthcare rather than visiting medical facilities mainly after symptoms become severe. This represents a significant healthcare paradigm in which prevention, screening and lifelong health monitoring are intended to become central components of the system.
Under the nationwide policy, every Vietnamese citizen is intended to have access to at least one free annual medical examination or screening beginning in 2026. The preventive approach is designed to identify diseases and risk factors before they produce serious complications requiring expensive hospital treatment. Authorities are also trying to coordinate these examinations with school health checks, occupational examinations, health-insurance services and programs for vulnerable populations. Bringing several existing health activities together could eventually make routine screening a normal part of life rather than an occasional campaign.
The reform is particularly relevant because Vietnam’s disease burden has changed dramatically as living standards and life expectancy have increased. Infectious diseases remain important, but chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory conditions now represent a much larger share of national health problems. According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases account for around 80 percent of deaths in Vietnam. Many affected people do not receive adequate diagnosis or treatment until disease has already progressed, making early detection one of the country’s most important public-health priorities.
High blood pressure and diabetes illustrate why screening can make a substantial difference. Both conditions may develop for years without producing obvious symptoms even while damage accumulates in the cardiovascular system, kidneys and other organs. Early diagnosis allows lifestyle changes and medication to begin before severe complications such as stroke, heart attack or kidney disease occur. This period without obvious symptoms makes asymptomatic disease particularly difficult to control when people receive medical attention only after they feel seriously ill.
WHO estimates cited in its work in Vietnam indicate that a large proportion of people with hypertension or diabetes are not receiving treatment. Regular community screening can therefore identify individuals who may appear healthy but already have elevated blood pressure, abnormal blood sugar or other warning signs. Once a problem is detected, patients can be referred for additional testing or monitored through primary healthcare services. Creating a continuum of care between screening, diagnosis, treatment and long-term follow-up is essential if examinations are to produce better health rather than simply generate more medical data.
Digital records are intended to make that long-term follow-up easier. Each citizen’s electronic health information can gradually be associated with a personal identification number and displayed through VNeID, allowing previous examinations to contribute to future healthcare decisions. This creates a longitudinal record in which health information can be followed across different stages of a person’s life rather than existing only in separate files at individual hospitals. In principle, a doctor could therefore understand changes in blood pressure, laboratory results, diagnoses and treatments over time without depending entirely on paper documents carried by the patient.
Connecting medical information across different institutions is technically more complicated than simply creating a digital file. Hospitals, commune health stations, social insurance systems and government databases may use different software and data structures. Successful interoperability requires those systems to exchange information accurately while ensuring that the same patient is identified consistently everywhere. The national directive consequently assigns importance to unified standards, data integration and links between electronic health records, social insurance databases and the national population database.
Medical information is also among the most sensitive categories of personal data, making security an essential component of digital healthcare. The national plan requires authorities to protect personal information while electronic records are collected, stored and shared. Strong cybersecurity is necessary because a more interconnected health system can create larger consequences if databases are accessed improperly or compromised. Vietnam’s authorities have therefore linked digital-health expansion with identity verification and measures intended to protect information during electronic exchange.
Another important part of the strategy is strengthening medical care closer to where people live. Commune and ward health stations are intended to play a larger role in screening, chronic-disease management, prevention and routine medical services instead of sending most patients directly to major hospitals. Greater decentralization of appropriate healthcare could reduce pressure on large urban hospitals while making routine treatment more convenient for communities. Resolution 72 calls for investment in all commune-level health stations and aims for each to have at least four to five doctors by 2027, while increasing the share of insured treatment delivered through local primary-care facilities.
This neighborhood-based model is especially useful for older people and patients who require repeated monitoring rather than occasional specialized procedures. Traveling to a distant hospital every month for blood-pressure checks or routine medication can require substantial time and family assistance. Local primary care can manage many chronic conditions while referring complicated cases to higher-level hospitals when specialist treatment is necessary. WHO has supported this approach in Vietnam and argues that stronger community care can improve both accessibility and affordability.
The national program is already producing large screening campaigns outside Đồng Nai. Ho Chi Minh City reported in August that nearly two million residents had received free health examinations, although implementation rates varied considerably between localities. Hanoi simultaneously launched a program targeting more than 2.2 million preschool and school-age children, illustrating the enormous logistical challenge involved in providing organized examinations to entire urban populations. Schools, workplaces, community health stations and mobile medical teams can all become part of the screening network.
Authorities are paying particular attention to groups that can easily be missed by conventional healthcare programs. These include older residents, people with disabilities, poor and near-poor households, children, students, factory employees, informal workers, temporary residents and people living far from medical facilities. Mobile services can reduce disparities by bringing examinations to residential communities, schools, industrial parks and workers’ accommodation rather than requiring every person to travel independently to a hospital. Đồng Nai has specifically identified limited mobility and geographic isolation as obstacles preventing some residents from participating.
The screening program also connects with Vietnam’s continued expansion of social health insurance. More than 95 percent of the population was already covered by social health insurance by 2025, according to government reporting citing WHO assessments. Further universalization is planned as Vietnam works toward universal health-insurance coverage by 2030. The broader health reform also envisions gradually reducing basic hospital charges within the scope of health-insurance benefits, particularly for vulnerable and lower-income groups.
Health insurance itself is also expected to become more prevention-oriented. Government plans call for the insurance system gradually to increase spending on selected preventive services, early diagnosis, chronic-disease management, regular examinations and medically appropriate screening. This reorientation matters because insurance systems traditionally concentrate heavily on paying for treatment after a patient becomes sick. Funding earlier interventions may reduce severe complications later, although authorities must balance expanded benefits against the financial sustainability of the insurance fund.
Implementing a nationwide screening system for more than 100 million people inevitably creates practical difficulties. Đồng Nai has reported shortages of doctors and support staff at some commune health stations, inconsistent information-technology infrastructure and problems coordinating data between agencies. Another challenge is standardization because authorities need consistent definitions of what constitutes a completed examination and clear procedures for incorporating valid results from previous tests. Without common standards, one locality could count an examination differently from another, making national statistics difficult to compare.
Duplicate records are another risk when information is collected from hospitals, workplaces, schools and local screening campaigns simultaneously. A person may have already undergone tests through health insurance or an employer before appearing on another government screening list. Accurate deduplication is therefore necessary to prevent the same resident from being counted several times and to avoid wasting limited medical resources on unnecessary repeated examinations. Authorities in Đồng Nai have explicitly instructed local agencies to ensure that eligible people are not omitted while also preventing repeated counting and duplicated funding.
The quantity of examinations is not the only measure of whether the reform succeeds. A screening program has limited value if abnormal findings are recorded but patients do not receive appropriate follow-up care. Effective triage is needed to distinguish people who can continue routine monitoring from those requiring further diagnostic tests or rapid specialist attention. Primary-care facilities must therefore be connected with hospitals and specialist services through clear referral procedures.
Digital health records could make these referrals easier when residents move between provinces or use different healthcare facilities. A person who changes employment or relocates from one city to another would ideally retain access to the same essential health history instead of beginning again with an empty medical file. This portability of health information is particularly valuable in Vietnam, where large numbers of people move between provinces for education and employment. It may also make chronic-disease management more consistent for workers whose lives are divided between industrial cities and their home provinces.
Foreign residents should distinguish this national program from the healthcare arrangements that apply specifically to them. The government policy describing universal free annual examinations is primarily framed around Vietnamese citizens, so foreigners should not assume that residence in Vietnam automatically gives them identical free screening entitlements. Instead, eligibility may depend on employment, participation in Vietnamese health insurance, private insurance or the rules of a particular local program or medical facility. Foreign workers and long-term residents should therefore verify their insurance status and benefits before relying on a particular service being free.
For people considering moving to Vietnam, the reforms nevertheless provide useful information about the direction in which the national health system is developing. Vietnam is investing simultaneously in primary healthcare, digital records, health insurance, disease prevention and more advanced hospital treatment. This broader modernization (sự hiện đại hóa) does not eliminate differences between public and private facilities or between major cities and more remote regions. It does, however, indicate that policymakers increasingly view routine preventive care as an essential part of healthcare rather than an optional additional service.
Population ageing will make this transformation increasingly important over the coming years. Older adults are more likely to live with several chronic illnesses simultaneously and may require continuing medication, rehabilitation and monitoring rather than occasional hospital treatment. Managing such comorbidity efficiently requires strong primary care, accessible screening and medical records that allow different professionals to understand the patient’s complete health situation. Vietnam has accordingly introduced additional policies guaranteeing elderly citizens at least one free annual examination or screening from 2026 and aims to improve detection and management of major chronic conditions by 2030.
For Vietnamese-language learners, healthcare is also an especially practical vocabulary area because misunderstandings can matter far more than they do in ordinary social conversation. Words connected with symptoms, appointments, examinations, insurance, medication and referrals may be needed unexpectedly even by people who normally communicate comfortably in English. Developing greater health literacy in Vietnamese can make it easier to understand basic instructions, administrative forms and conversations at clinics or pharmacies. The new emphasis on annual screening also means that vocabulary associated with preventive medicine is likely to become increasingly visible in Vietnamese news, government notices and everyday healthcare.
Vietnam’s free health-check initiative is therefore more significant than a temporary campaign designed to produce large examination numbers in 2026. It represents an attempt to build a system in which people are monitored throughout their lives, diseases are detected earlier and healthcare can increasingly be delivered close to home. The long-term success of this transformation will depend on whether Vietnam can provide enough trained medical staff, connect its digital systems, protect sensitive data and ensure that people with abnormal screening results receive meaningful follow-up treatment. The rapid expansion reported in Đồng Nai in September shows that implementation is already occurring on a very large scale, while also revealing the practical challenges that must be solved before preventive healthcare becomes genuinely universal.
OPPORTUNITIES AND GROWING MARKET
Vietnam’s healthcare market is expanding rapidly as population ageing, rising incomes and the growing burden of chronic disease increase demand for more advanced medical services. Noncommunicable diseases now account for nearly 80% of deaths, creating strong opportunities in cardiology, oncology, nephrology, diabetes care, pulmonology, rehabilitation and geriatrics. More than 10 million Vietnamese are estimated to live with chronic kidney disease, around 18 million have hypertension, and the country records over 177,000 new cancer cases annually, highlighting the scale of unmet and growing clinical demand.
At the same time, higher-value private healthcare is developing quickly in areas such as IVF, dentistry, advanced diagnostics, ophthalmology, cosmetic surgery and minimally invasive procedures. Vietnam also receives approximately 300,000 international patients each year, while Vietnamese patients are estimated to spend US$2–3 billion annually on treatment abroad. Retaining more of this expenditure domestically, while attracting additional foreign patients, represents a significant opportunity for private hospitals, specialist centres, international healthcare groups and investors capable of introducing advanced technology, internationally recognized standards and high-quality patient services.
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